Much of the Milliy sertifikat (National Certificate) Physics exam comes down to choosing the right formula and converting units correctly. Below are the formulas used most often and a step-by-step way to solve problems.
Exam structure
In the official sample: 1-35 are closed test questions (1.3 and 2.2 points) and 36-45 are open calculation problems (a) 1.5 + b) 1.7 points). 100 raw points in total, 150 minutes.
The formulas you need most
| Topic | Formulas |
|---|---|
| Kinematics | v = v₀ + at; s = v₀t + at²/2; free fall h = gt²/2 |
| Dynamics | F = ma; F = μN; F = kx |
| Energy | Eₖ = mv²/2; Eₚ = mgh; A = Fs; N = A/t |
| Electricity | I = U/R; series R = R₁ + R₂; parallel 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂; P = UI |
| Heat | Q = cmΔt; Q = λm |
| Optics | 1/F = 1/d + 1/f; D = 1/F |
How to solve a problem
- Write down what is given and convert everything to SI units (cm → m, km/h → m/s).
- Decide which law applies: motion, a conservation law, Ohm's law and so on.
- Solve the formula in letters first, then put in the numbers.
- Check the answer for its units and whether it makes sense.
